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Senator Joseph McCarthy’s Lists
and Venona
by John Earl Haynes
April 2007
Journalists
and historians have often referred to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s “list” as if it
were a precisely defined entity. It was
not, however. Certainly one would put
his “numbered” list of eighty-one cases, given in a Senate speech of February
20, 1950, as the prime candidate for being McCarthy’s “list.” But McCarthy himself quickly added several
dozen more names to this list in communications to a subcommittee of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee (commonly referred to in the press as the “Tydings
Committee” from its chairman, Senator Millard Tydings). The Tydings subcommittee in its “State
Department Employee Loyalty Investigation” inquired into Senator McCarthy’s
charges.
Most
but not all of Senator McCarthy’s numbered cases were drawn from the “Lee List”
or “108 list” of unresolved DOS security cases compiled by the investigators
for the House Appropriates Committee in 1947.
Robert E. Lee was the committee’s lead investigator and supervised
preparation of the list. The Tydings
subcommittee also obtained this list.
The Lee list, also using numbers rather than names, was published in the
proceeding of the subcommittee.[1]
Senator
McCarthy furnished the Tydings Committee the real names attached to his
numbered cases, and the Tydings Committee received the real names attached to
the Lee list as well.[2] Over the years that followed all of the
names became public one way or another.
Additionally,
in a series of speeches McCarthy named others as secret Communists, spies,
security risks, or participants in the Communist conspiracy. Below these various lists are recapitulated.
Only those he named from 1950 through 1952 (prior to become chairman of the
Senate Governmental Operations Committee) will be considered here. (All lists will be alphabetical.)
McCarthy’s List (1)
McCarthy’s 20 February Numbered List[3]
Real Name: McCarthy list #; Lee list #; Venona status;
Non-Venona Evidence of Espionage
*****************************************************************************
Arndt, Ernest Theodore: McCarthy list # 14; Lee list # 10; Not identified in Venona
Barnett, Mrs. Robert Warren: McCarthy list # 49; Lee list # 59; Not identified in Venona
Barnett, Robert Warren: McCarthy list # 48; Lee list # 59; Not identified in Venona
Berman, Harold:
McCarthy list # 70; Lee list # 85; Not identified in Venona
Brunauer, Esther Caukin: McCarthy list # 47; Lee list # 55; Not identified in Venona
Cameron, Gertrude:
McCarthy list # 55; Lee list # 65; Not identified in Venona
Carlisle, Lois:
McCarthy list # 58; Lee list # 68; Not identified in Venona
Carter, William D.:
McCarthy list # 44; Lee list # 50; Not identified in Venona
Chipchin, Nelson:
McCarthy list # 23; No on Lee List: Benign identification in Venona[4]
Clucas, Lowell M., Jr.: McCarthy list # 26; Not on Lee List; Not identified in Venona
Delgado, Mucio:
McCarthy list # 21; Lee list # 28; Not identified in Venona
Demerjian, Alice:
McCarthy list # 61; Lee list # 72; Not identified in Venona
Dubois, Cora:
McCarthy list # 60; Lee list # 70; Not identified in Venona
Ferry, Frances:
McCarthy list # 11; Lee list # 8; Not identified in Venona
Fierst, Herbert:
McCarthy list # 1; Lee list # 51; Not identified in Venona
Fishback, Sam:
McCarthy list # 43; Lee list # 49; Not identified in Venona
Ford, James T.:
McCarthy list # 76; Lee list # 96; Not identified in Venona
Gordon, Stella:
McCarthy list # 40; Lee list # 45; Not identified in Venona
Graze, Gerald:
McCarthy list # 29; Lee list # 25; Not identified in Venona;[5]
Identified as a Soviet Espionage Source in the Gorsky Memo[6]
Graze, Stanley:
McCarthy list # 8; Lee list # 8; Not identified in Venona; Identified as
a Soviet Espionage Source in the Gorsky Memo[7]
Grondahl, Tegnel Conrad: McCarthy list # 25; Not on Lee List; Not identified in Venona
Gross, Aaron Jack:
McCarthy list # 68; Lee list # 83; Not identified in Venona
Harrison, Marcia Ruth: McCarthy list # 7; Lee list # 4; Not identified in Venona
Horwin, Leonard:
McCarthy list # 73; Lee list # 91; Not identified in Venona
Hunt, Victor:
McCarthy list # 65; Lee list # 79; Not identified in Venona
Ilyefalvi-Vites, Gizella: McCarthy list # 4; Lee list # 3; Not identified in Venona
Jankowski, Joseph T.:
McCarthy list # 74; Lee list # 92; Not identified in Venona
Jessup, Philip:
McCarthy list # 15; Not on Lee List; Not identified in Venona
Josephson, Joseph:
McCarthy list # 30; Lee list # 28; Not identified in Venona
Kamarck, Andrew W.:
McCarthy list # 78; Lee list # 100; Not identified in Venona
Katusich, Ivan:
McCarthy list # 27; Not on Lee List; Not identified in Venona
Kaufman, Arthur Milton: McCarthy list # 38; Lee list # 43; Not identified in Venona
Kopelewish, Esther Less aka Mrs. Less: McCarthy list # 24; Not on Lee List; Not
identified in Venona
Lansberg, Hans:[8] McCarthy list # 28; Lee list # 21; Not
identified in Venona
Lemon, Edythe J.:
McCarthy list # 18; Lee list # 16; Not identified in Venona
Lewis, Mrs. Preston Keesling: McCarthy list # 75; Lee list # 93; Not
identified in Venona
Lifantieff-Lee, Paul A.: McCarthy list # 56; Lee list # 66; Not identified in Venona
Lindsey, John Richard: McCarthy list # 67; Lee list # 81; Not identified in Venona
Lloyd, David Demarest: McCarthy list # 9; Lee list # 99; Not identified in Venona
Lorwin, Val R.:
McCarthy list # 54; Lee list # 64; Not identified in Venona
Maguite, Sylvia:
McCarthy list # 69; Lee list # 84; Not identified in Venona
Mann, Gottfried Thomas: McCarthy list # 42; Lee list # 47; Not identified in Venona
Margolies, Daniel F.:
McCarthy list # 41; Lee list # 46; Not identified in Venona
Margolin, Arnold D.:
McCarthy list # 72; Lee list # 90;[9] Not identified in Venona
Meigs, Peveril:
McCarthy list # 3; Lee list # 2; Not identified in Venona
Miller, Robert T.:
McCarthy list # 16; Lee list # 12; Not identified in Venona;[10] First Identified as a Soviet Espionage
Source by Elizabeth Bentley in her 1945 FBI statement.[11]
Montague, Ella M.:
McCarthy list # 34; Lee list # 32; Not identified in Venona
Neal, Fred Warner:
McCarthy list # 57; Lee list # 67; Not identified in Venona
Ness, Norman T.:
McCarthy list # 45; Lee list # 53; Not identified in Venona
Neumann, Franz Leopold: McCarthy list # 59; Lee list # 69; Not identified in Venona[12] Identified as a Soviet Espionage Source in
Weinstein and Vassiliev’s The Haunted Wood.[13]
Osnatch, Olga F.:
McCarthy list # 37; Lee list # 42; Not identified in Venona
Parsons, Ruby A.:
McCarthy list # 81; Lee list # 78; Not identified in Venona
Perkins, Isham W.:
McCarthy list # 62; Lee list # 73; Not identified in Venona
Peter, Hollis W.:
McCarthy list # 64; Lee list # 76; Not identified in Venona
Polyzoides, T. Achilles: McCarthy list # 79; Lee list # 105; Not identified in Venona
Posner, Marjorie S.:
McCarthy list # 10; Lee list # 7; Not identified in Venona
Posniak, Edward G.:
McCarthy list # 77; Not on Lee List; Not identified in Venona
Post, Richard:
McCarthy list # 53; Lee list # 63; Not identified in Venona
Raine, Philip:
McCarthy list # 52; Lee list # 62; Not identified in Venona
Randolph, David (aka Rosenberg): McCarthy list # 66; Lee list # 80; Not
identified in Venona
Rapoport, Alexander:
McCarthy list # 22; Not on Lee List; Not identified in Venona
Remington, William:
McCarthy list # 19; Not on Lee List; Not identified in Venona. First
Identified as a Soviet Source by Elizabeth Bentley in her 1945 FBI statement.[14]
Robinson, Jay:
McCarthy list # 5; Lee list # 5; Not identified in Venona
Rommel, Rowena:
McCarthy list # 51; Lee list # 61; Not identified in Venona
Ross, Lewis:
McCarthy list # 31; Lee list # 29; Not identified in Venona
Ross, Robert:
McCarthy list # 32; Lee list # 30; Not identified in Venona
Schimmel, Sylvia:
McCarthy list # 50; Lee list # 60; Not identified in Venona
Shell, Melville:
McCarthy list # 35; Lee list # 34; Not identified in Venona
Siegel, Herman:
McCarthy list # 33; Lee list # 31; Not identified in Venona
Smith, S. Stevenson:
McCarthy list # 20; Lee list # 20; Not identified in Venona
Smith (Schmidt), Frederick W.: McCarthy list # 36; Lee list # 40; Not
identified in Venona
Stoinaoff, Stoian:
McCarthy list # 71; Lee list # 87; Not identified in Venona
Stone, William T.:
McCarthy list # 46; Lee list # 54; Not identified in Venona
Taylor, Jeanne E.:
McCarthy list # 17; Lee list # 14; Not identified in Venona
Tuchscher, Frances M.: McCarthy list # 6; Lee list # 6; Not identified in Venona
Vincent, John Carter:
McCarthy list # 2; Lee list # 52; Not identified in Venona
Volin, Maz A.:
McCarthy list # 39; Lee list # 44; Not identified in Venona
Washburn [clerical error for Fishburn], John T.[15]: McCarthy list # 80; Lee list # 106; Not
identified in Venona
Washburne, Carleton:
McCarthy list # 13; Lee list # 9; Not identified in Venona
Wilcox, Stanley:
McCarthy list # 63; Lee list # 75; Not identified in Venona
Yuhas, Helen:
McCarthy list # 12; Lee list # 107; Not identified in Venona
*****************************************************************************
McCarthy’s List
(2)
Remaining Lee List Names
In
as much as Senator McCarthy cited the Lee list as one the DOS was negligent in
not pursuing, the Lee list names not already listed above are listed below.
Real Name: Lee list #; Venona status; Non-Venona
Evidence of Espionage
*****************************************************************************
Alexander, Dorothy Helen: Lee list # 38; Not identified in Venona
Blaisdell, Donald C.:
Lee list # 103; Not identified in Venona
Borton, Hugh:
Lee list # 57; Not identified in Venona
Burlingame, Robert Sparks: Lee list # 108; Not identified in Venona
DeMoretz, Shirley T.:
Lee list # 27; Not identified in Venona
Elinson, Marcelle D.:
Lee list # 104; Not identified in Venona
Eminowicz, Halina D.:
Lee list # 48; Not identified in Venona
Fine, Sherwood Monroe: Lee list # 23; Not identified in Venona
Fishburn, John Tipton: Lee list # 106; Not identified in Venona
Forno, Joseph T.:
Lee list # 96; Not identified in Venona
Fournier, Norman L.:
Lee list # 98; Not identified in Venona
Hankin, Robert:
Lee list # 94; Not identified in Venona
Hughes, Henry Stuart:
Lee list # 77; Not identified in Venona
Jackson, Malcolm Aage: Lee list # 15; Not identified in Venona
Kamarck, Andrew W.:
Lee list # 100; Not identified in Venona
Lazarus, Theodore:
Lee list # 26; Not identified in Venona
Lovell, Leander Bell:
Lee list # 22; Not identified in Venona
Lunning, Just:
Lee list # 11; Not identified in Venona
Magruder, John H., III: Lee list # 17; Not identified in Venona
Mallon, Dwight S.:
Lee list # 89; Not identified in Venona
Martin, Shirley Mae:
Lee list # 33; Not identified in Venona
Martingale, Rose Marie: Lee list # 37; Not identified in Venona
McDavid, Raven I., Jr.: Lee list # 19; Not identified in Venona
Moore, Leith Celestia: Lee list # 18; Not identified in Venona
Parker, Glen T.:
Lee list # 95; Not identified in Venona
Pesto, Paula Pavedo:
Lee list # 82; Not identified in Venona
Rennie, Leonard C.:
Lee list # 13; Not identified in Venona
Rose, Ernest William:
Lee list # 41; Not identified in Venona
Rosenthal, Albert H.:
Lee list # 97; Not identified in Venona
Rothwell, George J.:
Lee list # 7; Not identified in Venona
Royce, Edith M.:
Lee list # 35; Not identified in Venona
Rudlin, Walter Arthur: Lee list # 56;
Ambiguously identified in Venona[16]
Salmon, Thomas R.:
Lee list # 39; Not identified in Venona
Shevlin, Lorraine Arnold: Lee list # 86; Not identified in Venona
Smothers, Frank Albert: Lee list # 102; Not identified in Venona
Thomson, Charles A.:
Lee list # 58; Not identified in Venona
Thursz, Jonathan:
Lee list # 74; Not identified in Venona
Toory, Dr. Frank P.:
Lee list # 88; Not identified in Venona
Tuckerman, Gustavus:
Lee list # 101; Not identified in Venona
Wilfert, Howard F.:
Lee list # 36; Not identified in Venona
Wood, James E.:
Lee list # 24; Not identified in Venona
***************************************************************************
McCarthy’s List
(3)
Other Names
Given to the Tydings Subcommittee
In
addition to the above McCarthy numbered cases and Lee list, McCarthy also
identified by name the following persons to the Tydings subcommittee of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee.[17]
Real Name: Venona status; Non-Venona Evidence of
Espionage
*****************************************************************
Askwith, Edna Jerry:
Not identified in Venona
Erdos, Arpad:
Not identified in Venona
Grajdanzeve, Andrew aka Grade, Andrew: Not identified in Venona
Harris, Reed:
Not identified in Venona Not
identified in Venona
Henkin, Louis:
Not identified in Venona
Hulten, Charles M.:
Not identified in Venona
Ingram, George Mason:
Not identified in Venona
Ludden, Raymond Paul:
Not identified in Venona
Meeker, Leonard C.:
Not identified in Venona
Nelson, Clarence J.:
Not identified in Venona
Newbegin, Robert:
Not identified in Venona
Ramon, Josephine: Not identified in Venona
Rowe, James W.:
Not identified in Venona
Sanders, William:
Not identified in Venona
Tate, Jack B.:
Not identified in Venona
Zablodgwskei [Zablodowsky?], David: Not identified in Venona. Admitted to being a covert mail drop for
Whittaker Chambers in the 1930s.[18]
**********************************************************************************
McCarthy’s List (4)
Buckley & Bozell List of Other McCarthy Names
Senator McCarthy in 1950, 1951 and 1952 identified
other persons in speeches in the Senate and else where. For the date and place of Senator McCarthy’s
naming of these persons, see appendix D of William F. Buckley and L. Brent
Bozell, McCarthy and His Enemies: The Record and Its Meaning (Chicago:
H. Regnery Co., 1954).
Real Name: Venona status; Non-Venona Evidence of
Espionage
*****************************************************************
Brunauer, Stephen:
Not identified in Venona
Clubb, Oliver Edmund:
Not identified in Venona
Currie, Lauchlin: Identified in Venona as a Soviet
Espionage Source;[19] First Identified as a Soviet Source by
Elizabeth Bentley in her 1945 FBI statement.[20]
Davies, John Paton: Not identified in Venona
Duran, Gustavo:
Not identified in Venona
Geiger, Theodore:
Not identified in Venona
Glasser, Harold: Identified in Venon as a Soviet
Espionage Source;[21] First Identified as a Soviet Source by
Elizabeth Bentley in her 1945 FBI statement.[22]
Hanson, Haldore:
Not identified in Venona
Keeney, Mary Jane:
Identified in Venona as a Soviet Espionage Source[23]
Kenyon, Dorothy:
Not identified in Venona
Kerserling, Mary:
Not identified in Venona
Keyserling, Leon:
Not identified in Venona
Lattimore, Owen:
Not identified in Venona
Nash, Philleo:
Not identified in Venona
Schuman, Frederick:
Not identified in Venona
Service, John Stewart: Not identified in Venona.
Identified by FBI bugging in 1945 as having deliberately leaked DOS
information to the pro-Communist journal Amerasia.[24]
Shapley, Harlow:
Not identified in Venona
*******************************************************************************
McCarthy’s List (5)
June 14, 1951 “conspiracy of infamy so black” Speech
Senator McCarthy in a speech before the Senate on June
14, 1951, described, “a conspiracy on a scale so immense as to dwarf any
previous such venture in the history of man.
A conspiracy of infamy so black that, when it is finally exposed, its principals
shall be forever deserving of the maledictions of all honest men.”[25] The chief targets of the speech were Dean
Acheson, President Truman’s secretary of state, and George Marshall, Army chief
of staff under President Roosevelt and secretary of state and secretary of
defense under Truman. General Marshall
was also the focus of Senator McCarthy’s book America’s Retreat from
Victory: The Story of George Catlett Marshall:[26]
Real Name: Venona status; Non-Venona Evidence of
Espionage
*****************************************************************