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Table of Contents - Chapter Titles
American Communism and Anticommunism:
A Historians Bibliography and Guide to the Literature
Compiled and edited by John Earl Haynes
Last Revised 18 February 2009
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Subject Matter Chapters and the Table of Contents
This bibliography is divided into thirty-three subject matter chapters with each chapter divided into numerous sections and subsections, all listed below in the Table of Contents. The Table of Contents is in two versions: Table of Contents Chapter Titles Only, with the thirty-three subject matter chapter titles only and another, Table of Contents - Chapter Titles with Sections and Subsections which lists the numerous sections and subsections as well.
A book or essay is listed under a particular heading in accordance with a judgment of where the works chief focus is or, in the case of items whose focus is elsewhere, where its chief relevance is to the field of domestic communism and anticommunism. Many books could be placed under a dozen, a score, or even more headings. But such a practice, or even attempting cross-referencing, would produce an unwieldy volume. And, in any event, with more than 9,000 main entries cross-referencing would have been an impractical undertaking for the single historian without staff or assistance who compiled this volume as an ancillary product of other work. Given the absence of cross-referencing, however, users should keep in mind the advisability of examining more than a single subject-matter heading.
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Corrections and Additions
It is easy for a citation to The Journal of Southern History to become The Journal of Social History and even easier for 1978 to become 1987. Consequently, corrections to the errors in this bibliography are very welcome. Nor has every essay or book that ought to be cited been included, and additions are equally sought. Both corrections and additions can be sent to <johnearlhaynes@comcast.net>.
Acknowledgements
Over the years many scholars have provided me with citations that are incorporated in this bibliography. Given that these were accumulated over several decades I can no longer individually remember all those who deserve acknowledgement, but I thank all of them for their contribution. Specifically, however, I must note that since 2002 Peter Filardos annual bibliographies in American Communist History have been of inestimable value.
Annotations
A portion of the entries are annotated. The existence of an annotation reflects the needs and circumstances of when the item first came to the authors attention. Some annotations simply explain the contents with more detail when the title of the work does not clearly signal what the item is about. Other annotations, particularly collections of essays, include the table of contents of the work. Still others summarize the authors view of the most significant points in the work or the authors judgment of its importance, evaluations with which others may disagree.
-Chapter Titles Only-
History of the Communist Party of the USA
Nature and Structure of the Communist Movement
Schismatic Communist
Movements
Communists, Radicals, and
American Politics
Communism and the American
Labor Movement
Communism, Farmers, and Farm
Workers
Communists, Immigrants, and
Ethnicity
Communists and Black
Americans
Friends of Communism and the
Soviet Union
Communism, Anticommunism, and
American Culture
Communism, Film, Radio, and
Television
Communism and Music, Song,
Opera, and Dance
Communism, Radicalism, and
the Theater
Communism and the Intelligentsia
Radicalism, Communism and the
Professions
Communism, Education, and
Students
Biographies and Memoirs of
the American Radical Left
American-Soviet Relations,
the Cold War, and Domestic Communism
Popular and Official Domestic
Anticommunism
The Democratic Left,
Anti-Communist Liberals, and Anti-Stalinist Radicals
Ex-Communists, Ex-Radicals, Defectors, and Witnesses
Conservatism and
Anticommunism
Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism
Anti-Communist Laws, Civil
Liberties, and Internal Security
Bibliographies,
Encyclopedias, and Reference Works on 20th Century American Radicalism
Table of Contents
-Chapter Titles with Sections and Subsections-
History of the Communist Party of the USA
Single Volume Histories of the CPUSA
General Histories of American Communism and 20th Century American Radicalism
Documentary Histories of American Communism
The Socialist Party, Eugene Debs, and the Early Communist Movement
The IWW and the Early Communist Movement
William Haywood, the IWW, and the Early Communist Movement
The Socialist Labor Party and the Early Communist Movement
Anarchists and the Early Communist Movement
Records and Documents of the Early American Communist Movement
The Communist Party in the 1920s
The Communist Party in the 20s, Biographical Material
Illustrative Party Literature of the 1930s
Communist Party and World War II: The Nazi-Soviet Pact Period
Communist Party Literature of the Nazi-Soviet Pact Period
Communist Party and World War II
Communist Trade Union Policy during World War II
Earl Browder and American Communism
The Duclos Article and Purge of Browderism
Khrushchevs Secret Speech and the 1956-57 Crisis in American Communism
Communist Party: 1960 and After
Nature and Structure of the Communist Movement
Organization and Structure of the Communist Party
Communist Party Youth Affiliates and Youth Organizing
Communist Party-Associated Summer Camps
Communist Party Associated Schools and Party Education
New York Marxist School / Brecht Forum
New York Jefferson School of Social Science
The Communist Party and Conspiracy
Social Background of American Communism
Psychological Approaches to American Communism
Communists in the South: The States
Communists in the South: Alabama
Communists in the South: Georgia
Communists in the South: North Carolina
Schismatic Communist Movements
Smith Act Prosecution of the Trotskyists
James Cannon and American Trotskyism
C.L.R. James and the Johnson-Forest Tendency
Revolutionary Workers League (Hugo Oehler and Thomas Stamm)
Max Shachtman and the Workers Party
League for a Revolutionary Workers Party (B.J. Field)
Trotskyists and the Labor Movement
Trotskyism and Black Americans
Trotskyism and the Intelligentsia
Illustrative CPUSA Attacks on American Trotskyism
Leon Trotsky and the Dewey Commission
Trotskyist Records and Documents
Lovestone and the Right Opposition
Communist Workers Party and Greensboro
Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist)
Communists, Radicals, and American Politics
Communists and Politics in the 1920s
Communists and Politics in the 1930s: the New Deal, and the Popular Front
Illustrative CPUSA Literature of the 1930s
Third Parties and Alternatives to the New Deal and the Popular Front
National Labor Parties and Farmer-Labor Parties
National Progressives of America
Independent Progressives and Radical Alternatives Biographical Material
Communists, Henry Wallace, and the 1948 Progressive Party
Progressive Party Biographical Material
The Democratic Response to Wallace and the Progressive Party
Communists and Politics: The States
Communists and Politics: Arkansas
Communists and Politics: California
California: Independent Progressive Party
California: Jack Tenney and the Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American
California: Richard Nixon, Jerry Voorhis, and Helen Douglas
California: Upton Sinclair and EPIC
Communists and Politics: Colorado
Communists and Politics: Connecticut
Communists and Politics: Florida
Communists and Politics: Georgia
Communists and Politics: Hawaii
Communists and Politics: Idaho
Communists and Politics: Illinois
Communists and Politics: Indiana
Communists and Politics: Kansas
Communists and Politics: Louisiana
Communists and Politics: Maryland
Communists and Politics: Massachusetts
Communists and Politics: Michigan
Communists and Politics: Minnesota
Minnesota Farmer-Labor and Democratic-Farmer-Labor Parties
Communists and Politics: Missouri
Communists and Politics: Nebraska
Communists and Politics: Nevada
Communists and Politics: New Hampshire
Communists and Politics: New Jersey
Communists and Politics: New York
New York: American Labor Party
Communists and Politics: North Carolina
Communists and Politics: North Dakota
Communists and Politics: Oklahoma
Communists and Politics: Oregon
Communists and Politics: Pennsylvania
Communists and Politics: South Carolina
Communists and Politics: South Dakota
Communists and Politics: Tennessee
Communists and Politics: Texas
Communists and Politics: Washington State
Seattle General Strike of 1919
Washington Joint Legislative Fact-Finding Committee (Canwell Committee)
Communists and Politics: Wisconsin
Wisconsins Social Democratic Party
Communists and Politics: Wyoming
Communists, the Popular Front, and the South
Southern Conference for Human Welfare and Southern Conference Education Fund
Popular Front and Progressive Schools in the South
Highlander Folk School and Myles Horton
The Popular Front in the South: Biographical Material
Clifford J. and Virginia F. Durr
Clifford Durr, John Coe, and Benjamin Smith
New Leftists and other Radicals
New Left and the Union Movement
Students for a Democratic Society
Communism and the American Labor Movement
Communists and the Congress of Industrial Organizations
Expelling Communists from the CIO
Industries, Trades, and Individual Unions
Auto Industry and the United Auto Workers
UAW and Specific Companies or Strikes
General Motors and the Flint Sit-Down Strike
Motor Products Strike of 1935-1936
North American Aviation Strike of 1941
Tool and Die Makers Strike of 1933
Sol and Genora Johnson Dollinger
Electrical and Machine: Regional and State
Electrical and Machine: Canada
Electrical and Machine: California
Electrical and Machine: Indiana
Electrical and Machine: Missouri
Electrical and Machine: New York
Electrical and Machine: Pennsylvania
Electrical and Machine: Biographical Material
Journalism and the Printing Trades
Longshore and Maritime: Specific Strikes
The San Pedro Waterfront Strike, 1923
Longshore and Maritime: Specific Unions
International Fishermen and Allied Workers of America
Marine Cooks and Stewards Union
Marine Transport Workers Industrial Union (IWW)
Maritime Federation of the Pacific
Marine Workers Industrial Union (TUUL) and George Mink
Longshore and Maritime: Biographical Material
Harry Bridges and Harry Lundeberg
Other Maritime Biographical Works
Office, Wholesale, and Distributive Workers
Packinghouse Workers: Regional and Local Studies
Packinghouse Workers: Illinois - Chicago
Packinghouse Workers: Minnesota - Albert Lea and Austin
Packinghouse Workers: Nebraska - Omaha
Packinghouse Workers: Texas - Fort Worth
Scientific and Technical Workers
Steel Industry and the United Steel Workers
The Little Steel Strike and Memorial Day Massacre of 1937
Labor Movement Politics, Government Regulation and the CPUSA
The Wagner Act and Taft-Hartley
Labor Internationalism and Anticommunism
World Federation of Trade Unions and International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
Labor Internationalism by Regions
Labor Internationalism: Africa
Labor Internationalism: Central and South America and the Caribbean
Labor Internationalism: Europe
Labor Internationalism: Israel
Roman Catholics and Anticommunism in the Labor Movement
Association of Catholic Trade Unionists
Roman Catholics and Labor Anticommunism: Biographical Material
Communism, Farmers, and Farm Workers
Communists and Midwestern Agriculture
Communists and Southern Agriculture
Southern Tenant Farmers Union
Communists and West Coast Agriculture
Communists, Immigrants, and Ethnicity
American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born
American Communism and Immigrant-Ethnic Groups
Communism and Asian, Chinese, and Japanese Americans
Communism and Caribbean, Central and South American Immigrants
Communism and Haitian Americans
Communism and Mexican Americans
Communism and Mexican and Irish Immigrants
Communism and Mexican, Hispanic, and Latino Americans
Communism, Puerto Rican Immigrants, and Black Nationalists
Communism and European Immigrants
Communism and Albanian Americans
Communism and Armenian Americans
Communism and Bulgarian Americans
Communism and Croatian Americans
Communism and Czech and Slovak Americans
Communism and Finnish Americans
Finnish American Radicals in the Great Lakes Region
Finnish-American Radicals in Massachusetts
Finnish-American Radicals in the Pacific Northwest
Karelian Fever Biographical Accounts
Finnish-Communist Biographical Material
Communism and German Americans
Communism and Hungarian Americans
Communism and Italian Americans
Jewish Writers, Jewish Intellectuals, and Communism
Jewish Radicals and the American Labor Movement
American Jews and the USSR, Left Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism
ICOR, Birobidzhan, and the American Committee for the
Settlement of Jews in Birobidzhan
American Jewish and Finnish Communists
Jewish American Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War
Jewish Conservatism and Anticommunism
American Jews and Communism: Biographical
Communism and Latvian Americans
Communism and Polish Americans
Katyn and Stalins Treatment of the Poles
Yalta and Postwar Poland in American Politics
Polish American Radicals: Biographical Accounts
Communism and Scandinavian Immigrants
Communism and Serbian Americans
Communism and Slovenian Americans
Communism and South Slav (Yugoslav) Immigrants
Communism and Swedish Americans
Communism and Ukrainian Americans
Communists and Black Americans
The Civil Rights Congress and the Martinsville, Ingram, and McGee Cases
Trade Unions, Communism, and Black Workers
Negro Labor Committee and Frank Crosswaith
League of Revolutionary Black Worker
Communism and Black Tobacco Workers
Communism and Black Workers in Memphis
Congressional Investigations of Black Radicalism
Black Radicalism and Internal Security Agencies
Blacks and Communism: Biographical Material
A. Philip Randolph and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Black Writers, Black Artists, and Communism
Black Writers, Black Artists: Biographical Material
Anticommunism and Racial Segregation in the South
Soviet and Comintern Policy toward African Americans
Self-Determination in the Black Belt
Black Americans in the Spanish Civil War
Communist International (Comintern) and
the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform)
Red International of Labor Unions / Profintern
Communist Youth International (KIM)
Comintern: Records and Documents
Moscow Gold: Soviet Subsidies of the CPUSA
Soviet Subsidies and Armand Hammer
Comintern Biographies and Memoirs
Gerhart Eisler and Ruth Fischer
Leon Josephson and George Mink
American Visitors and Immigrants to Communist Societies
Americans in Russia and the USSR
Americans in the Terror and the Gulag
Americans in the Terror: Biographical Accounts
Americans in the German Democratic Republic
Stephen Wechsler / Victor Grossman
Americans in Sandinista Nicaragua
Soviet Union and Stalinism in American Communist Eyes
Stalinism, Leninism, and Soviet Communism
The American Response to the Great Terror
Americans and the Spanish Civil War
American Writers and Intellectuals and the Spanish Civil War
Ernest Hemingway and the Spanish Civil War
American Catholics, Communism, and the Spanish Civil War
The CPUSA and the Spanish Civil War
Americans in the International Brigades
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
Americans in the I.B.: Collective Biographical Accounts
Americans in the I.B.: Individual Biographical Accounts
American Medical and Relief Assistance to the Republican Government
Friends of Communism and the Soviet Union
Journals of Opinion and the Press
Walter Duranty and the New York Times
Organizations Associated with the Communist Movement
International League for Human Rights
Medical Aid to Cuba Committee and Friends of British Guiana
National Assembly for Democratic Rights and Citizens Committee
National Committee to Defeat the Mundt Bill
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship
Louis Fischer and Walter Duranty
Willi Munzenberg and his Fronts
Albert Kahn and Michael Sayers
Berhard J. Stern and Leslie A. White
Communists and the Peace Movement
Communism, Anticommunism, and American Culture
CPUSA and Communist Cultural and Aesthetic Policy
Michael Dennings Cultural Front
Homosexuality, Masculinity, and Anticommunism
Communism, Film, Radio, and Television
Depiction of the Soviet Union and Communism in American Film
Radicals and Proletarians in American Film and Radio
The Front and Guilty by Suspicion
Invasion of the Body Snatchers
The Manchurian Candidate and Cold War Brainwashing of POWs
One Lonely Night and Jet Pilot
Red Planet Mars, Invasion USA, and The Beast of Yucca Flats
The Thing from Another World and Jet Pilot
Communism, Hollywood, and Entertainment Industry Blacklisting
Communism and Hollywood and Entertainment Industry: Biographical accounts
Elia Kazan and On the Waterfront
Elia Kazans Oscar Controversy
Radical Photography and Documentary Film
Film and Photo League, Nykino, and Frontier Films
Documentary and Radical Photography: Biographical Accounts
New Deal Federal Art Programs and Communism
Communism and Art: Biographical Accounts
Cartoonists and Communism: Biographical Accounts
Radical Mexican Muralists in America
Communism and Music, Song, Opera, and Dance
Aaron Copland and Hanns Eisler
The Cradle Will Rock and Marc Blitzstein
Almanac Singers, Peoples Songs, and the Composers Collective
Sis Cunningham and Gordon Friesen
Sis Cunningham, Lee Hays, and Zilphia Johnson Horton
Communism, Radicalism, and the Theater
Federal Theater Project and Communism
Theater and Communism: Biographical Accounts
Clifford Odets, Elia Kazan, and Arthur Miller
Clifford Odets, John Howard Lawson, and Robert Sherwood
Clifford Odets, Lilian Hellman and Arthur Miller
Communism, Baseball and Jackie Robinson
Communism and the Intelligentsia
Communism, Writers, and Literature
Anthologies of Left Literature of the 1930s
Left Literary and Cultural Journals
Modern Monthly / Modern Quarterly
Organized Writers: John Reed Clubs, American Writers Congress, League
The FBI, Writers and Communism
Intellectuals and Writers: Biographical Accounts
Olive Dargan, Grace Lumpkin, and Myra Page
John Dos Passos, James Farrell, and Josephine Herbst
Theodore Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos, James Farrell
Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett
Arthur Koestler and George Orwell
Meridel Le Sueur, Tillie Olsen, and Langston Hughes
Norman Mailer, Thomas Pynchon, and John Barth
Reinhold Niebuhr, David Riesman, and Lionel Trilling
Tillie Olsen and Meridel Le Sueur
Lionel Trilling and Whittaker Chambers
Communism and Poets: Individual and Biographical Accounts
John Wheelwright and Sherry Mangan
Radicalism, Communism and the Professions
The Interprofessional Association
Lawyers and the National Lawyers Guild
Communism, Libraries, and Librarians
Psychologists and Psychoanalysis
Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues
The Freudian Left: Otto Fenichel and Wilhelm Reich
Psychologists and Psychoanalysis: Biographical Accounts
Communism, Education, and Students
Communism, Anticommunism and Public Education (K-12)
Teaching about Communism in Public Schools
Communism, Anticommunism, and Higher Education
Sidney Hook and Academic Freedom
Communism, Anticommunism and Education by State
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Arkansas
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: California
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Colorado
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Connecticut
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: District of Columbia
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Georgia
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Illinois
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Kansas
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Louisiana
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Massachusetts
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Michigan
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Nevada
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: New Jersey
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: New York
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: North Carolina
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Oregon
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Pennsylvania
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: South Dakota
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Tennessee
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Texas
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Vermont
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Washington State
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: West Virginia
Communism, Anticommunism and Education: Wyoming
Communists and College Students
Communists and College Students: The 1930s
Marxism in the Late 20th Century Academy
Congress of American Women, International Congress of Working Women, and Womens
International Democratic Federation
Elizabeth Dilling and Women of the Far Right
Communism and Protestantism: Biographical Accounts
Anticommunism and Roman Catholicism
American Catholics, Communism, and the Spanish Civil War
Catholicism and Anticommunism: Biographical Accounts
The Christian Anti-Communist Crusade
The Christian Right: Biographical Accounts
Ezra Taft Benson, David O. McKay, and LDS Anticommunism
National Council of Churches and World Council of Churches
Christian Left: Biographical accounts
Biographies and Memoirs of the American Radical Left
Radical Left Collective Biographies and Memories
Red Diaper" Babies: Memoirs and Reminiscences
Individual Biographical Accounts
Hubert Harrison and Crystal Eastman
Grace Hutchins and Anna Rochester
American-Soviet Relations, the Cold War, and Domestic Communism
The Wilson Administration and Early U.S. Policy toward the Bolshevik Revolution
The Roosevelt Administration and American Soviet Relations
The Truman Administration and Later: American Soviet Relations
Civil Defense and Domestic Cold War Policy
Perceptions of Communism and the Soviet Union
Perceptions of Communist Totalitarianism
The Cold War in Asia and Domestic Political Controversy
The Institute for Pacific Relations and Amerasia
The Cold War in Asia and Domestic Political Controversy: Biographical Accounts
Cold War in Central and South America and Domestic Political Controversy
Narcotics and the Cold War in Central and South America
Cold War in Europe and Domestic Political Controversy
Congress for Cultural Freedom and the American Committee for Cultural Freedom
Journals of Opinion and the Cultural Cold War
Popular and Official Domestic Anticommunism
The "Red Scare" of 1919-1920 and Anticommunism in the 1920s
Black Radicals in the Red Scare
American Protective Association
Illustrative Literature: Anticommunism in the 1920s
Popular and Government Anticommunism: 1930 and After
Regional Studies: Anticommunism in the 1930s and After
Precedents: the Campaign against Domestic Fascism
Oral Histories: Anticommunism in the 1930s and After
Illustrative Literature: Anticommunism in the 1930s and After
The Democratic Left, Anti-Communist Liberals, and Anti-Stalinist Radicals
Americans for Democratic Action
Continental Congress of Workers and Farmers
International Rescue Committee and Leo Cherne
League for Industrial Democracy
Socialist Party, Social Democrats, and Democratic Socialists
Neoconservatism and Trotskyism
Individuals and Biographical accounts
Powers Hapgood, Harvey Swados, Bayard Rustin
Harry Truman and Cold War Liberalism
Ex-Communists, Ex-Radicals, Defectors, and Witnesses
Individuals and Biographical accounts
Conservatism and Anticommunism
Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism
McCarthy and McCarthyism: Biographical and Psychological Accounts
Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (McCarthy Committee)
Television, Radio, the Press, and McCarthy
McCarthy and the Labor Movement
The Nature of McCarthyism and Hard Right Anticommunism
Records and Documents on Joseph McCarthy
John Birch Society and the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade
Soviet Disinformation and Influence Operations
Soviet Espionage in the United States
American Communist Ideological Motivation for Espionage
Communists and the Office of Strategic Services
The Decrypted Venona Messages and Soviet Espionage
Venona and the Finnish Connection
Atomic Espionage and the Sudoplatov Controversy
Biographical Accounts and Individual Espionage Cases and Investigations
Theodore Hall and Morris and Lona Cohen
Allen Weinsteins Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case
Hiss-Chambers Case: Biographical Approaches
Dean Acheson and George Kennan
Albert Glotzer, George Reedy, and James T. Farrell
Hiss and Chambers Dual Biographical Treatments
Richard Nixon and the Hiss Case
Hiss-Chambers Case Records and Documents
Hiss-Chambers Case: Television Documentaries
The Rosenberg Case: Family Centered Accounts
The Rosenberg Case: Alexander Feklisov
The Rosenberg Case: Joel Barr and Alfred Sarant
The Rosenberg Case: Nikita Khrushchev
The Rosenberg Case: Vyacheslav Molotov
The Rosenberg Case: Legal Issues
Bernard Schuster and Joseph Katz
Harry Dexter White, Lauchlin Currie, and Lawrence Duggan
Stalins British Spies and America: Kim Philby, Anthony Blunt, Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean,
Michael Greenberg, James MacGibbon, Michael Straight, Charles Ellis, John Cairncross
American Intelligence Agencies
Anti-Communist Laws, Civil Liberties, and Internal Security
Passport and Travel Regulation
Federal Loyalty / Security Program
Individual Cases and Proceedings
Legal Representation in Internal Security Cases
Congressional Investigations of Communism
Congressional Investigations: The Press and Journalists
Indexes to Congressional Investigations of Communism
U.S. House Special Committee to Investigate Communist Activities (Fish Committee)
U.S. House Special Committee on Un-American Activities (Dies Committee)
U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities and U.S. House Committee
U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee
Congressional Investigations: Individual and Biographical
Federal Bureau of Investigation and Communism
FBI and Congressional Investigations
FBI Cooperation with State and Local Authorities and Private Institutions
Wiretapping, Bugs, Surreptitious Entries, Disruption, and Internal Security Tactics
The FBI, Journalists and Public Relations
Military and Intelligence Agencies in Domestic Security
Internal Security and the Sciences
Individual Writers, Researchers and Historians
Alan Campbell and John McIlroy
Harvey Klehr and John Earl Haynes
Bibliographies, Encyclopedias, and Reference Works on 20th Century American Radicalism
Return to Table of Contents Chapter Titles Only
Return to Table of Contents - Chapter Titles with Sections and Subsections
In 1982 the author helped to found the Historians of American Communism and edited its newsletter. Seeking material to fill its pages, the author included citations of recent publications by members and, when that proved popular, expanded it to other new publications in the field that came to my attention in the course of my own research. The author soon learned that most members regarded the bibliographic entries in the quarterly newsletter as the section of most interest. Gradually the author expanded coverage and sought out new items to list rather than taking a passive stance. Additionally, the author found the bibliographic work of value to his own research because it forced him to keep abreast of the literature.
After several years the author had accumulated what seemed at the time to be an impressive list of articles, books, and convention papers on the history of domestic American communism and anticommunism. The author then added to it citations to older items he had notes about and produced in 1987 Communism and Anti-Communism in the United States: An Annotated Guide to Historical Writings with more than 2,000 references to books, articles and academic theses.
The author continued to gather bibliographic material for the Newsletter of the Historians of American Communism until 2002 when a new journal, American Communist History, appeared and Peter Filardo took on the responsibility of preparing an annual bibliography for that journal. This volume combines the authors prior work along with a sustained effort to fill in the pre-1982 period. Altogether, more than 8,500 items are listed.
This bibliography concentrates on historical writings on communism and anticommunism in the United States. Its core is coverage of scholarly and academic books, essays, articles, and theses that either focus on that history or which are about some other subject but nonetheless contain significant relevant material. Pride of place of the first scholarly/academic treatment of American communism probably belongs to Gordon S. Watkins of the University of Illinois for his essay, Revolutionary Communism in the United States that appeared in 1920. Watkins presented a narrative of the split of the Left Wing from the Socialist Party in 1918-19 and the founding of the Communist Party of America and the Communist Labor Party in 1919 as the Left Wing itself split into competing factions. It was a thorough survey based on a close reading of the radical press as well as the leaflets, statements, and proclamations put out by the various groups and individuals involved. Given that the events covered had occurred only one or two years earlier, appropriately the article appeared in the American Political Science Review rather than a history journal. David Moses Schneiders The Workers (Communist) Party and American Trade Unions (John Hopkins University, 1927) was probably the first doctoral dissertation on the subject.
Until the late 1950s, however, historically oriented writings such as that of Watkins and Schneider, by academicians with scholastic documentation and intended for a scholarly audience, were few. The story of American communism was not as yet history. Only in the late 1950s and early 1960s when the Communism in American Life series appeared did any significant volume of scholarly books emerge. The Fund for the Republic, a private foundation headed by the former president of the University of Chicago, Robert Hutchins, sponsored the series. The books of the series are: Theodore Draper, The Roots of American Communism (1957); Robert W. Iversen, The Communists & the Schools (1959); David A. Shannon, The Decline of American Communism: A History of the Communist Party of the United States Since 1945 (1959); Theodore Draper, American Communism and Soviet Russia (1960); Clinton Lawrence Rossiter, Marxism: The View from America (1960); Ralph Lord Roy, Communism and the Churches (1960); Nathan. Glazer, The Social Basis of American Communism (1961); Frank S. Meyer, The Moulding of Communists: The Training of the Communist Cadre. (1961); Daniel Aaron, Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism (1961); Earl Latham, The Communist Controversy in Washington: From the New Deal to McCarthy (1966).
By the late 1970s the rate of production of new dissertations, essays, and books by academicians had grown rapidly and has continued to this day. In that period prior to the appearance of the Communism in American Life series there was also a very large journalistic and polemical literature on the domestic Communist movement; some of this contemporary literature was of very high quality and enduring value and is included in this bibliography along with selected illustrative items. Further, on some aspects of the history of domestic communism the only coverage available is journalistic or polemical. In addition to works by scholars, this bibliography contains citations to autobiographies, memoirs, and other retrospective works by participants in the struggle over communism in the United States. The amount of primary material available is vast and beyond practical bibliographic listing although the author has include some published or microfilmed collections of key primary source material.
The focus is also on domestic matters. This is not a bibliography of the international Cold War although some of Cold War literature that contains material relevant to domestic affairs, particularly in the cultural Cold War area, is included. It is also not a bibliography of the Soviet Union, Stalinism, or international communism, although again some such writings are included that are relevant to domestic American matters. There are, of course, some gray area citations to items that are not strictly American but which have relevance to American matters, particularly Canadian, British, and Mexican items. Nor is it a bibliography of espionage but due to the links between the American Communist Party and Soviet intelligence agencies in the 1930s and 1940s, the chapter on espionage is a lengthy one. This bibliography is also as that of a working historian because it also includes those major books of Cold War history, Sovietology, espionage, and radicalism generally that the author found useful as providing background and context for understanding domestic Communist history. The central focus, however, is the Communist Party of the U.S.A. (CPUSA), its predecessors, splinters, close allies, and ardent opponents on the left and right.
Usually the original edition of a book is listed and later editions are listed only if they are known to be significantly revised to contains substantial new material. American editions are listed in preference to those published elsewhere. Foreign language books and essays that have come to my attention are listed, but the coverage of foreign language material is scant at best. Conference papers are listed despite the frequent lack of availability of such material and limited coverage because, nonetheless, such information as is available sometimes will lead to the location of useful material or awareness of others working on a topic of interest.
The CPUSA itself had two major arenas of activity: politics and trade unionism. The bulk of its organizers, activists, and asserts were expended in those areas. However it also involved itself organizationally in a many other areas, and in its heyday of the 1930s and 1940s, individual Communists and the influence of the Communist movement ranged into almost every area of American life. The amount of academic coverage to a particular aspect of the history of American communism does not always reflect the importance of that activity to the CPUSA. The enormous number of books and essays listed in the section of communism and literature as well as the astounding attention given to the issue of communism in Hollywood reflect the priorities and interests of latter-day academics, writers, journalists, and the reading public, not the priorities of the CPUSA at the time, which regarded both areas as sideshows. Throughout its history the CPUSA placed significant stress on racial equality and organizing Black Americans but the very large amount of historical writing about communism and race is unbalanced given the Communist Partys apotheosis of the industrial worker and class over race, ethnicity, nationalism, and other matters.
Harvey Klehr and the author have written extensively on the historiography of this field in journal articles [The Cold War Debate Continues: A Traditionalist View of Historical Writing on Domestic Communism and Anti-Communism, Journal of Cold War Studies (Winter 2000) and The Historiography of American Communism: An Unsettled Field, Labour History Review (April 2003)] and in In Denial: Historians, Communism, and Espionage (2003). In the latter we have this to say of the field:
Far too much academic writing about communism, anticommunism and espionage is marked by dishonesty, evasion, special pleading, and moral squalor. Like Holocaust deniers, some historians of American communism have evaded and avoided facing a preeminent evil -- in this case the evil of Stalinism. Too many revisionists present a view of history in which the wrong side won the Cold War and in which American Communists and the CPUSA represent the forces of good and right in American history. Most new dissertations written in the field still reflect a benign view of communism, a loathing for anticommunism, and hostility toward Americas actions in the Cold War. Many American historians hold America to a moral standard from which they exempt the Soviet Union and practice a crude form of moral equivalence.
Like Holocaust deniers, too many revisionists deny the plain meaning of documents, invent fanciful benign explanations for damning evidence, and ignore witnesses and testimony that is inconvenient. In the face of clear and compelling evidence of Soviet espionage, they see nothing. When the bodies of more than a hundred former American Communists murdered by Stalins police are discovered in a mass grave in Karelia, they will not look. Confronted with documents and trails of evidence leading where they do not wish to go, they mutter darkly about conspiracies and forgeries and invent incidents for which there is no documentation. Some brazenly offer confident exegeses of documents they admit they have not seen or condemn books they admit they have not read. They confidently propose chronological impossibilities as probabilities and brazenly situate people in places they could not have been at times they could not have been there. It is not entirely clear how to classify such intellectual activity. But it is certainly not history.
Despite all of the new archival evidence of Soviet espionage and American spies, revisionism still dominates the academy and the historical establishment. The leading journals of the historical profession do not print essays that are critical of the CPUSA or cast a favorable light on domestic anticommunism. In these journals there is no debate about American communism and Soviet espionage; revisionism reigns without challenge. Revisionist history continues to be exempt from the standards of scholarly accuracy applied to other fields. Scholarly reference books that contain distortions and lies about Soviet espionage go unchallenged and the conventional wisdom of the academic world continues to accept as authentic pro-Communist disinformation ploys. Elementary standards of proof and logic are ignored and political commitment allowed to trump factual accuracy.
This is an intellectually sick situation. Writing about revisionist accounts of Soviet communism, the historian Martin Malia noted: Western revisionism overall developed within what was basically a Soviet, or at least a Marxist, perspective. Putting matters this bluntly, however, was until recently impossible in academic discourse, especially in America. Down through the failure of Gorbachevs perestroika, any allusion to these obvious facts was met with protestation from the revisionists that they were not Marxists but merely positivists whose social science ... was a strictly non-political, value-free enterprise. Or they might revert to the countercharge of McCarthyism.
Malias strictures are just as relevant to the revisionist account of American history as of Soviet communism. American democracy vanquished two dangerous totalitarian foes in the twentieth century. No reputable historian laments the collapse of Nazism or seeks to redeem the historical reputation of its domestic adherents. It would be a tragedy if academic historians rehabilitated American communism through shoddy, error-filled, and intellectually compromised scholarship. Malia is right in noting that bluntness is presently a therapeutic necessity. [231-233]
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History of the Communist Party of the USA
Single Volume Histories of the CPUSA
Howe, Irving, and Lewis A. Coser. The American Communist Party: A Critical History, 1919-1957. Assisted by Julius Jacobson. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1957. A comprehensive and, despite its age, still reliable one-volume political history of the Communist Party up to 1957; emphasizes its obedience of Moscow and its hostility to democracy. Howe and Coser were leading Left anti-Communist intellectuals of the 1950s, veterans of the political fights between Communists and anti-Stalinist radicals, and sections of the book have a polemical tone.
Klehr, Harvey, and John Earl Haynes. The American Communist Movement: Storming Heaven Itself. New York: Twayne, 1992. History of the CPUSA from origins to 1991. Every different era in the history of the American Communist movement has been inaugurated by developments in the Communist world abroad. The Russian Revolution led to the formation of the first American Communist party. Soviet pressure led to the abandonment of an underground Communist party. Comintern directives led American Communists to adopt an ultra-revolutionary posture during the late 1920s. Soviet foreign policy needs midwifed the birth of the Popular Front in the mid-1930s. The Nazi-Soviet Pact destroyed the Popular Front in 1939 and the German attack on the USSR reconstituted it in 1941. The onset of the Cold War cast American Communists into political purgatory after World War II and Khrushchevs devastating expose of Stalins crimes in 1957 tore the American Communist party apart. See: The American Communist Movement
Oneal, James, and Gustave Adolph Werner. American Communism: A Critical Analysis of Its Origins, Development and Programs. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1947. Highly critical history of the movement from its origins to the end of WWII from a democratic socialist perspective.
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General Histories of American Communism
and 20th Century American Radicalism